Hoofdreferentie | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
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Opmerkingen | Occurs mainly on sand bottom from inshore estuaries to about 180 m depth. Found occasionally over reefs. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Ondergrond | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Speciale habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associaties | |
Geassocieerd met | |
Opmerkingen in verband met associaties | |
Parasitisme |
Voedingstype | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Voedingsgewoonte | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Estimation method | Origineel staal | Onbeviste populatie | Opmerking | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Op basis van dieetsamenstelling | 4.28 | 4.02 | 0.61 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
Op basis van individuele voedselitems | 3.76 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |