| Thông tin chủ yếu | Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991 |
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| Các chú thích | Young and adult feed mainly on entomostracans (cladocerans, copepods, and ostracods); with adults also consuming increasing numbers of midge larvae (chironomids) at night. Life span, 3-4 years; sexual maturity reached in the second or late in the first summer of its life. Two spawning peaks, older individuals in the mid-spring spawning and the preceding year's young during the July spawning. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | : sand;: rocky; |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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| Feeding type Ref. | Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991 |
| Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991 |
| Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | |||||
| Từ các loại thức ăn | 3.14 | 0.30 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Tài liệu tham khảo | |||||