Ecology Summary - Myoxocephalus quadricornis

Língua:

Ref. principal	Morrow, J.E., 1980
Notas	Occurs in cold brackish and moderately saline water near the coast (Ref. 27547); enters coastal rivers and may occur as far as 120 miles inland (Ref. 5723). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Movements are limited to short onshore-offshore seasonal movements and mass movements of fry into shallow water in autumn (Ref. 28908, 28910). Moreover, there are no migrations of large numbers; movement into freshwater and long distances up rivers are apparently undertaken by relatively few individuals at a time (Ref. 27547). Diurnal from November to April but is largely nocturnal the rest of the year (Ref. 28905). Feeds on small crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4697, 4968, 27547) and molluscs (Ref. 58426). Move to deeper water in the spring, where they stay in summer (Ref. 35388). Subject to intense predation in shallow water by gulls, waterfowl and shorebirds. Also eaten by whitefish, Arctic Char, eelpouts and other Cottidae including other members of its own species (Ref. 58522).

Ref. principal

Morrow, J.E., 1980

Notas

Occurs in cold brackish and moderately saline water near the coast (Ref. 27547); enters coastal rivers and may occur as far as 120 miles inland (Ref. 5723). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Movements are limited to short onshore-offshore seasonal movements and mass movements of fry into shallow water in autumn (Ref. 28908, 28910). Moreover, there are no migrations of large numbers; movement into freshwater and long distances up rivers are apparently undertaken by relatively few individuals at a time (Ref. 27547). Diurnal from November to April but is largely nocturnal the rest of the year (Ref. 28905). Feeds on small crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4697, 4968, 27547) and molluscs (Ref. 58426). Move to deeper water in the spring, where they stay in summer (Ref. 35388). Subject to intense predation in shallow water by gulls, waterfowl and shorebirds. Also eaten by whitefish, Arctic Char, eelpouts and other Cottidae including other members of its own species (Ref. 58522).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuários/lagunas/áreas estuarinas manguezais pântanos/brejos	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Cavernas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Myoxocephalus quadricornis may be found.

Habitat

Substrato
Substrate Ref.
Habitats especiais
Special habitats Ref.

Associações

Ref.	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988
Associações	schooling;
Associada com
Comentários sobre associação	Parasites of the species include 1 monogenean, Gyrodactylus nainum; 1 trematode, Podocotyle atoman; 2 cestodes, Bothrimonus sturionis and Bothriocephalus scorpii; and 1 acanthocephalan, Echinorhynchus gadi (Ref. 5951). Territorial nest-builders with only the males defending the eggs until the pelagic larvae hatch (Ref. 27547, 94973); an ambush predator; relatively poor swimming ability make it susceptible to predation (Ref. 94973). Barring short onshore-offshore seasonal movements and mass movements of fry into shallow water in summer, there are no migrations of large numbers of fish (Ref. 27547, p. 208).
Parasitismo

Alimentação

Tipo de alimentação	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Morrow, J.E., 1980
Hábito alimentar	variable
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Amostra original		População virgem (não pescada)		Nota
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Nota
Da composição da dieta
Dos itens alimentares individuais	3.85	0.62			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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