Ref. principal | Olaso, I. and E. Rodriguez-Marin, 1995 |
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Notas | Abundant near the coast, in the stratum between 10 and 100 m. Occurs on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 7313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes; also on benthic carnivores that live on or within the bottom substrates (Ref. 44511). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Olaso, I. and E. Rodriguez-Marin, 1995 |
Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Da composição da dieta | 3.45 | 0.29 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. | ||
Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.46 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Golani, D., 1994 |