Ecology Summary - Merluccius merluccius

Taal:

Hoofdreferentie	Svetovidov, A.N., 1986
Opmerkingen	Juveniles are found in deep waters (<17cm) and move to coastal waters where they display an average length of (33 cm length). Longer individuals are found in nursery areas where they feed and grow then move to deeper areas to spawn (Ref. 56328). Found in shoals, in deep water in winter and more inshore in summer. Feed almost entirely on fish, in deep water blue whiting, in summer whiting, Norway pout, and herring (Ref. 4772). Small juveniles prey on small crustaceans (euphausiids, natantian decapods and mysids), while fish assume an increasing importance in the diet with increasing size of hake (Ref. 53691). Feeding intensity was significantly correlated with phytoplankton pigment concentrations (ppc) (Ref. 53691). Cannibalism increases with age, notably in the northern part of the bay of Biscay and in Celtic Sea (Ref. 56328).

Hoofdreferentie

Svetovidov, A.N., 1986

Opmerkingen

Juveniles are found in deep waters (<17cm) and move to coastal waters where they display an average length of (33 cm length). Longer individuals are found in nursery areas where they feed and grow then move to deeper areas to spawn (Ref. 56328). Found in shoals, in deep water in winter and more inshore in summer. Feed almost entirely on fish, in deep water blue whiting, in summer whiting, Norway pout, and herring (Ref. 4772). Small juveniles prey on small crustaceans (euphausiids, natantian decapods and mysids), while fish assume an increasing importance in the diet with increasing size of hake (Ref. 53691). Feeding intensity was significantly correlated with phytoplankton pigment concentrations (ppc) (Ref. 53691). Cannibalism increases with age, notably in the northern part of the bay of Biscay and in Celtic Sea (Ref. 56328).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuaria/Lagunes/Brak water mangroven moerassen	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Grotten Enkel in grotten

Highighted items on the list are where Merluccius merluccius may be found.

Habitat

Ondergrond	Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Speciale habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associaties

Ref.
Associaties
Geassocieerd met
Opmerkingen in verband met associaties
Parasitisme

Voeding

Voedingstype	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Hickling, C.F., 1927
Voedingsgewoonte	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Svetovidov, A.N., 1986

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Origineel staal		Onbeviste populatie		Opmerking
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Opmerking
Op basis van dieetsamenstelling	4.42		4.38	0.76	Troph of adults from 1 study.
Op basis van individuele voedselitems	4.43	1.05			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Bozzano, A., L. Recasens and P. Sartor, 1997

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