| 主要參考文獻 | Atkinson, E.G. and J.A. Percy, 1992 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Occurs among seaweeds or rocks (Ref. 7251). Often found in empty scallop shells (Ref. 7251). Benthic; feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 58426). Actively feeds above the substrate, in the vicinity of plants (Ref. 46872). It is preyed upon by Atlantic cod. Parasite of the species is known to be a trypanosome, Trypanosoma murmanensis (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Atkinson, E.G. and J.A. Percy, 1992 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2004 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 3.74 | 0.33 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.19 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Chernova, N.A., 1989 | ||||