Ecology Summary - Epinephelus coioides

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Οικολογία του Epinephelus coioides

Κύρια Αναφ.	Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra, 1991
Σχόλια	Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390). Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Refs. 6390, 127989). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feeds mainly on fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. 30°C temperatures and 3% salinities provide peak survival environments. Dwells in benthic, rocky substrates and along the continental slope (Ref. 127989).

Κύρια Αναφ.

Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra, 1991

Σχόλια

Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390). Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Refs. 6390, 127989). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feeds mainly on fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. 30°C temperatures and 3% salinities provide peak survival environments. Dwells in benthic, rocky substrates and along the continental slope (Ref. 127989).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Εκβολές/λιμνοθάλασσες/υφάλμυρες θάλασσες mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Σπηλιές αποκλειστικά

Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus coioides may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble;
Substrate Ref.	Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Broad, G., 2003

Associations

Αναφ.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Διατροφή

Τροφικός Τύπος	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987
Τροφική Συνήθεια	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Αρχικό δείγμα		Μη αλιευμένος πληθυσμός		Σχόλιο
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Σχόλιο
Από σύσταση δίαιτας	4.00				Troph of adults from 1 study.
Από ατομικά τροφικά αντικείμενα	4.05	0.62			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Αναφ.	Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005

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