Ecology Summary - Caranx ruber

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Main Ref.	Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989
Remarks	Common in clear insular areas or in coral reefs off mainland coasts (Ref. 5217). Juveniles frequent areas with algae (e.g. Sargassum) (Ref. 26235). Usually in schools which may be spawning groups; occasionally solitary. Is a bentho-pelagic predator--feeds predominatly in the pelagic zone, although it can actively catch prey from the bottom (Ref. 43978). Piscivore (Ref. 57616). Cleaned by goby (Gobiosoma evelynae and others), hogfish (Bodianus rufus), and wrasse (Thalassoma trifasciatum) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). Predominantly inhabits sandy substrates (Ref. 128694).

Main Ref.

Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989

Remarks

Common in clear insular areas or in coral reefs off mainland coasts (Ref. 5217). Juveniles frequent areas with algae (e.g. Sargassum) (Ref. 26235). Usually in schools which may be spawning groups; occasionally solitary. Is a bentho-pelagic predator--feeds predominatly in the pelagic zone, although it can actively catch prey from the bottom (Ref. 43978). Piscivore (Ref. 57616). Cleaned by goby (Gobiosoma evelynae and others), hogfish (Bodianus rufus), and wrasse (Thalassoma trifasciatum) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). Predominantly inhabits sandy substrates (Ref. 128694).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Caranx ruber may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: sand;
Substrate Ref.	Harper, L.M., J.S. Lefcheck, R. Whippo, M.S. Jones, Z. Foltz and J.E. Duffy, 2022
Special habitats	Beds: algae/seaweed; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992

Associations

Ref.
Associations	solitary; schooling;
Associated with	Also cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094).
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.28	0.15	4.12	0.62	Troph of juv./adults from 14 studies.
From individual food items	3.81	0.70			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994

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