Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Inhabits coastal reefs, in shallow silty areas, and in mangroves (Ref. 9710), lagoons and floodplains (Ref. 9137). Dwells in coral reefs and rocky substrates. Nocturnal, shoaling species. Feeds on fish larvae and small crabs (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: silt; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.66 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |