Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); nigrum: nigrum meaning black (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: ? - 15. 溫帶; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 59°N - 32°N
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River basins from Hudson Bay to southern Mississippi in the USA, and from Quebec in Canada and from Virginia in the USA to Saskatchewan in Canada and Colorado in the USA; and on Atlantic and Gulf Slope drainages in the USA.
北美洲: 從哈得遜灣到密西西比南部在美國的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣與密西西比河流域 , 與從加拿大魁北克與從維吉尼亞在那美國到在美國的加拿大的薩斯卡萬與科羅拉多; 而且在美國的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域上。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.2 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 3.9 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 4 年 (Ref. 12193)
Occur in sandy and muddy, sometimes rocky, pools of headwaters, creeks, and small to medium rivers; and in sandy shores of lakes (Ref. 5723, 10294); also found in streams (Ref. 10294). Adults feed on midge larvae, mayfly nymphs, caddis larvae, and microcrustaceans; young on entomostracans and tiny midge larvae (Ref. 10294). Eggs are found clustered on underside of stone and guarded by males (Ref. 7043).
出现于沙泥, 有时岩石的, 河川源头，小溪与小型到中型的河水池; 而且在湖的沙海岸中。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Eggs are found clustered on underside of stone (Ref. 7043). Males guard the eggs (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 從哈得遜灣到密西西比南部在美國的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣與密西西比河流域 , 與從加拿大魁北克與從維吉尼亞在那美國到在美國的加拿大的薩斯卡萬與科羅拉多; 而且在美國的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域上。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00235 - 0.01227), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.95; tmax=4; Fec=47-691).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
