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Bothrocara brunneum (Bean, 1890)

Twoline eelpout
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Bothrocara brunneum   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Bothrocara brunneum (Twoline eelpout)
Bothrocara brunneum
Picture by Orlov, A.

United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Twoline eelpout, Twoline eelpout
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Type locality: off San Clemente Island, southern California (Ref. 51665). Museum: California, CAS 34355;VIMS 7112; RUSI 37098 (Ref. 11954).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Grinols, R.B., 1965
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Viruela dos rayas, 褐长孔锦鳚, Botrokara, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) > Zoarcidae (Eelpouts) > Lycodinae
Etymology: Bothrocara: Greek, bostrykos = cure of lack of hair + Tupí, guaraní, acará = the name of a fish. It could be also from Greek, kara = face (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Bean.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 129 - 2570 m (Ref. 50550), usually 457 - ? m (Ref. 2850).   Deep-water

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North Pacific: Sakhalin, Russia and Navarin Canyon in the Bering Sea to Attu Island in the Aleutian chain and Coronado Islands, Baja California, Mexico.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 74.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 80637)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 100 - 112; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 95 - 100. Dorsal and anal fins enveloped anteriorly in soft gelatinous tissue (Ref. 6885). Uniform light gray or brown, semi translucent, blue or black margins on dorsal and anal fins; color stronger posteriorly, transparent on narrow margins of unpaired fins; light on lining on mouth; black on peritoneum (Ref. 6885).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found on mud or sandy-mud bottoms (Ref. 2850). The stomach contents indicate that it feeds upon a wide variety of bottom-dwelling organisms, probably eating anything it encounters that has food value and is small enough to ingest (Ref. 4525).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.2 - 4.8, mean 2.6 (based on 298 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00186 (0.00113 - 0.00307), b=3.25 (3.10 - 3.40), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Fec=1,650-2,480).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).