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Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758

Brown meagre
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Sciaena umbra   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Sciaena umbra (Brown meagre)
Sciaena umbra
Picture by Patzner, R.

Turkey country information

Common names: Eşkina, Eşkine balığı, Iskine
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Known from the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea and its watersheds, Mediterranean Sea, European Black Sea watersheds, European Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds and Asi Nehri/Orontes watershed (Ref. 58342). Found in central coast of Black Sea (Sinop and Samsun vicinity) (Ref. 88083). Threatened by commercial fishing and eutrophication/pollution. Collection of this species is forbidden (Ref. 58342). Also Ref. 4780, 57855. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 58342).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007
National Database: CLOMFOT

Common names from other countries

Corb commun, Corvallo, Corb du Cameroun, ... more

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Sciaena: Greek, skiaina, skion = a fish, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской; солоноватоводный демерсальный; пределы глубины 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9505).   Subtropical; 51°N - 13°N, 19°W - 42°E

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Southern Bay of Biscay to Mauritania, occasionally southwards to Senegal. Also throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas. Records from Ghana (Ref. 6810) and Gabon (Ref. 5516) are questionable. Two records in Belgium were actually for Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Ref. 117298). The record off Wimereux is a misinterpretation during data entry mistake from the the Müller (2004, Ref. YYY) (Bailly, pers. comm., March 2018).

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 23.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3397); common length : 28.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3397); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 21 годы (Ref. 9505)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 11; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 23 - 25; колючие лучи анального плавника: 2; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 7 - 8.

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Occurs in shallow coastal waters mainly on rocky and sandy bottoms, often entering estuaries and more active at night. Also inhabits caves and reefs (Ref. 9987). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 4780). SCUBA diving observations suggest this to be a very calm fish with remarkable buoyancy control and an ability to move without much apparent effort (Ref. 9505). Marketed fresh and frozen; in Turkey, otoliths are ground to a powder and used as remedy for urinary tract infections (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

  Близок к исчезновению (NT) ; Date assessed: 03 March 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

  Harmless




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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.8 - 19.6, mean 15.3 (based on 215 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00773 - 0.00937), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.19; tm=3; tmax=21).
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Very high.