South Africa country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges from off the west coast south to off Cape Agulhas (common). Museum: ZISP 48405 (immature male 330 mm TL; not published by Golovan in 1978); POLTAVA sta. 424; 24.I.1970; 800 m; South Africa and ISH 29-1991(3,210-257 mm TL); South Africa, 760 m (Ref. 11284). Occasionally caught by hake trawlers. Also Ref. 2708, 11228.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Raie de Smith, Raya de Smith, Skate, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: Bathyraja: Greek, bathys = deep + Latin, raja, -ae = a ray (Raja sp) (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien bathydemersaal; diepte 440 - 1020 m (Ref. 5578). Deep-water; - 40°S

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Southeast Atlantic: off central Namibia to Agulhas Bank, South Africa.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5578)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

A large softnose skate with a broadly triangular, bluntly pointed snout and an angular pectoral disc; tail shorter than body and with a single row of large thorns; upper disc of young with thorns but these are lost with growth (Ref. 5578). Dorsal surface greyish and may have white spots, ventral surface white with dark grey blotches around gill slits, vent and along ventral surface of tail (Ref. 5578). Tail with no color bands (Ref. 5578).

Found on the upper continental slope (Ref. 27121). A bottom-predator that feeds on bony fishes including hake, jacopever, barracudina and dragonet; also squid, octopus, crabs and prawns (Ref. 5578). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Sometimes caught by hake trawlers (Ref. 5578).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : McEachran, John | Medewerkers

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 April 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 4.6 - 11.8, mean 5.4 (based on 13 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00253 - 0.01042), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.67 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).

Bathyraja smithii (Müller & Henle, 1841)