Puerto Rico country information

Common names: Scrawled cowfish
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Indicated on company trade lists as available for export (Ref. 12090). Also Ref. 3696.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus, 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Cowfish, Torito cornudo, Cofre, ... more

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Ostraciidae (Boxfishes)
Etymology: Acanthostracion: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, ostrakon = shell (Ref. 45335); quadricornis: Specific name refers to the 2 pairs of horns ('quadricornis' = 4 horns), in front of the eyes and a second pair at the lower rear corners of the cuirass..
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 80 m (Ref. 26938), usually 10 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 43°N - 39°S, 100°W - 26°E

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Atlantic Ocean: in tropical and temperate waters (Ref. 3696). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to southeastern Brazil. Reported from tip of South Africa.

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m 22.2, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 6937); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3696)

Short description Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale): 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 10; Spine anali 0; Raggi anali molli: 10. Dark markings on head and body; parallel bands on cheek. Pair of prominent spines projecting from in front of eyes suggests cow horns. Second pair of spines at lower rear corners of cuirass (Ref. 26938). Body deep, covered with hexagonal dermal plates (Ref. 37521).

Found in shallow water down to about 80 m, mainly in seagrass beds (Ref. 3696). Feeds on sessile invertebrates such as tunicates, gorgonians and anemones, as well as on slow-moving crustaceans, sponges (Ref. 3696), hermit crabs and marine plants (Ref. 13442). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Considered an excellent food fish; marketed fresh (Ref. 3696).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Matsuura, Keiichi | Collaboratori

Smith, M.M., 1986. Ostraciidae. p. 890-893. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3141)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 June 2011

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)

Human uses

Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Informazioni ulteriori

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Ecologia
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Nomi Comuni
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Age/Size
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Length-frequencies
Morfometria
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Special reports

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Fonti Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.3 - 28, mean 25.4 (based on 458 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03981 (0.02306 - 0.06873), b=2.70 (2.54 - 2.86), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 2.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Fec = 112,536).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758)