Puerto Rico country information

Common names: Green swordtail, Pez de rabo espada, Swordtail
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Also Ref. 13498, 27158, 50307.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Erdman, D.S., 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Swordtail, Swordtail, Xipho, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) > Poeciliidae (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Xiphophorus: Greek, xiphos = sword + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Heckel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

; zoet water; brak water benthopelagisch; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 19; standvastig. Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 52054); 26°N - 12°N

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

North and Central America: Rio Nantla, Veracruz in Mexico to northwestern Honduras. Africa: Feral populations reported from Natal and eastern Transvaal as well as in Lake Otjikoto, Namibia (Ref. 7248). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 26130); 16.0 cm TL (female); common length : 2.8 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 12193)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 11 - 14; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 8 - 10. This species is distinguished by having a medium to large swordtail with a long straight caudal appendage; midlateral stripe may be dusky or brownish (northern populations) or red; 2 additional reddish stripes may be present above midlateral line and one beneath; terminal segment of gonopodial ray 3 produced into a crescent-shaped hook and blade pointed distally; ray 4a curves strongly backward over the blade at an angle greater than 90°; distal serrae of ray 4p reduced in size and number and proximal serrae rather slender; terminal segment of ray 5a produced into a claw, several times larger than the distal serrae of ray 4p (Ref. 52914).

Adults are found mainly in rapidly flowing streams and rivers, preferring heavily vegetated habitats (Ref. 26130). They occur in warm springs and their effluents, weedy canals and ponds (Ref. 5723). They feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020). Used for genetics research (Ref. 4537). Especially the red varieties are very popular aquarium fishes (Ref. 1672). Aquarium keeping: the males aggressive towards each other; minimum aquarium size 80 cm (Ref. 51539).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Female produces 20 to 200 young after a gestation period of 24 to 30 days. Attains sexual maturity after eight to twelve months (Ref. 26130). This species has a tendency to undergo sex reversal (from female to male) under certain environmental conditions (Ref. 6465).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Wischnath, L., 1993. Atlas of livebearers of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., United States of America. 336 p. (Ref. 26130)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 March 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Potential pest

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; Aquarium: van groot commercieel belang

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00606 - 0.01650), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.43 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (tm<1; Fec=20-200 * 12).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848