New Zealand country information

Common names: Haddock, Hake, Tiikati
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Doonan, I.J., M. Dunn and A.C. Hart, 2009
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs around South Island (Ref. 9258). Main fishing grounds off Westland in winter (Ref. 9258). Catches have gradually increased to more than 15 000 tonnes in annual catch (Ref. 58452). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ (Ref. 5755). Also Ref. 9072, 27363, 45493, 58452, 58461, 75154.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Merlu austral, Merluza austral, Мерлуза новозеландская, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Reported as M. polylepis in Patagonian waters.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser benthopelagisch; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 28 - 1000 m (Ref. 58489). Subtropical; 33°S - 59°S, 165°E - 66°W (Ref. 58452)

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Circumglobal in the southern hemisphere (Ref. 7300). Two distinct groups. New Zealand population: Chatham Rise, Campbell Plateau and South Island northward to the East Cape. Patagonian population: Chiloé Island in the Pacific, southward around the southern tip of South America to the continental shelf to 59°S, and the slope north to 38°S in the Atlantic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m 74.7, range 75 - 85 cm
Max length : 155 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 58452); common length : 80.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 1371); max. veröff. Alter: 30 Jahre (Ref. 9072)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 1; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 48 - 57; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 40 - 46; Wirbelzahl: 53 - 58. Body more slender than other hakes. Pectoral fins long and slender, stripe reaching anal fin in young individuals but not in fish over 50 cm in SL. Gill rakers short and thick with blunt tips. Color is steel gray on back grading to silvery white ventrally.

Found at depths between 415 and 1000 m in New Zealand waters, and 62 to 800 m in South American waters. The Patagonian population feeds on southern blue whiting, whiptail, nototheniids and squids. The New Zealand population feeds mainly on fishes (especially gadoids), squids, euphausiids and benthic organisms. Adults probably migrate southward during the southern summer for feeding and return to the north in winter for spawning (Ref. 1371). Spawning takes place from August to September on the western coast of South Island, from September to November in the northern part of the Campbell Plateau, and between November and January on Chatham Rise (Ref. 58452). Utilized as food fish and fishmeal.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

Nicht untersucht

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell

FAO(Fischereien: production, Artbeschreibung; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.2 - 13.3, mean 8.6 (based on 112 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00334 - 0.00475), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.74 se; based on food items.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.07-0.19; tm=6-10; tmax=30).

Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.35, Based on 4 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High vulnerability (61 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)