Often schooling, occurring mainly in freshwater (in large rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and swamps). Prefer the presence of smooth, steep-sided surfaces such as dams, cement-lined pools and rip rapped streams (Ref. 39049). But adults are also found in brackish or saline water of estuaries and bays (up to 32.3 ppt salinity (Ref. 39050); juveniles to about 15 ppt). Larvae are pelagic probably found only in freshwater (Ref. 39046). Filter-feeders, but not entirely herbivorous since recorded food items include copepods, cladocerans and fish fry. Also feed on organic material of sand and detritus bottoms (Ref. 9114). Breed in the spring and in autumn, in freshwater, near or over plants or other objects. Eggs adhere to aquatic vegetation (Ref. 4639). Caught exclusively in fresh waters and sometimes in mouths of rivers (Ref. 9291). Also Ref. 58302.
時常群游, 主要出現在淡水。 (在大河,水庫,湖與沼澤中) 偏愛平靜,邊緣有大落差的表面例如水壩, 內襯水泥的水池,而且裂痕輕敲.溪流。 (參考文獻 39049) 但是成魚也被發現於半鹹淡水或鹽河口與海灣的水 (向上到 32.3個 ppt 鹽度;(參考文獻 39050) 稚魚到大約 15個 ppt). 仔魚是大洋性的可能發現只在淡水中.(參考文獻 39046) 濾食動物, 但是不是完全食草自從記錄的食物組成之後包括橈腳類的動物,水蚤與魚苗。 也吃砂與碎岩底部的有機物。 (參考文獻 9114) 在春天繁殖與秋天時, 在淡水中, 接近或就植物或其他的目標。 卵黏附在水生植物。 (參考文獻 4639) 只有在淡水捕獲.與有時在河口中.(參考文獻 9291) 也參考文獻 58302.
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 23.3 - 28.1, mean 25.5 (based on 182 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00560 - 0.01485), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2; tmax=4; Fec=800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).