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Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Spotted flounder
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Citharus linguatula   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Citharus linguatula (Spotted flounder)
Citharus linguatula
Picture by Pallottino, F.

Malta country information

Common names: Ingwata ta' l-iskwami, Lingwata, Lingwata ta' l-iskwami
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/mt.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Lanfranco, G.G., 1996
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Feuille, Solleta, Atlantic spotted flounder, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Citharidae (Citharids)
Etymology: Citharus: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
Validity of genus unclear.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 300 m (Ref. 2683).   Subtropical; - 23°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: off northwestern Africa south to 23°S; also in the Mediterranean.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 12.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.7 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 107756); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Adults inhabit soft bottoms from the coastline to about 300 m depth, but rarely caught at depths greater than 200 m (Ref. 9537). They feed on small fish and crustaceans (Ref. 231).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Citharidae. p. 1025. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6500)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 May 2014

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
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Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Fecundities
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Distribution
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BRUVS - Videos
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Visual pigment(s)
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Genetics
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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References
References

Tools

E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 11.8 - 19.5, mean 15.2 (based on 256 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0156   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00469 - 0.00740), b=3.07 (3.00 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.26-0.30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low vulnerability (7 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.