Italy country information

Common names: Gambusia
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Established in the whole country (Ref. 45688). Interferes with Aphanius and the three-spined stickleback (Ref. 94493).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Gandolfi, G., S. Zerunian, P. Torricelli and A. Marconato (eds.), 1991
National Database: ICTIMED

Common names from other countries

Holbrook's mosquitofish, Eastern gambusia, Eastern mosquito fish, ... more

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) > Poeciliidae (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Gambusia: Gambusia: From the Cuban term, Gambusino, which means "nothing", usually in the context of a joke or a farce. Fishing for gambusinos = when one catches nothing (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Girard.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

; agua dulce; salobre bentopelágico; pH range: 6.0 - 8.8; dH range: ? - 40; potamodromo (Ref. 51243). Subtropical; 15°C - 35°C (Ref. 13371); 40°N - 31°N, 89°W - 74°W

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Introduced worldwide in tropical and subtropical countries. North America: Atlantic and Gulf Slope drainages from New Jersey south to Alabama in USA (Ref. 5723). Established throughout southern Europe (Ref. 59043). Introduced for mosquito control, but had rare to non-existing effects on mosquitoes, and negative to perhaps neutral impact on native fishes (Ref. 12217).

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.7 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 59105); 8.0 cm TL (female); edad máxima reportada: 1.00 años (Ref. 126182)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 1; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 7; Espinas anales: 1; Radios blandos anales: 9.

Adults occur in standing to slow-flowing water, mostly in vegetated ponds and lakes, backwaters and quiet pools of steams (Ref. 5723), typically seen shoaling at the edges (Ref. 44894). They also frequent brackish water (Ref. 5723). Adults feed on small terrestrial insects usually in the drift and amongst aquatic plants, actively selecting very small prey (Ref. 6154). Also observed to take in mosquito larvae (Ref. 41168). Introduced worldwide. Introductions to Europe have seriously threatened many endemic species (Ref. 59043). It is now widely accepted that their effect has been minimal and even may have exacerbated the problem due to their voracious appetite for natural invertebrate predators of mosquito larvae (Ref. 44894).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Matures at 4-6 weeks; 3 generations can be produced in one year. Gestation lasts 3-4 weeks. Brood may reach up to 354 young, but is generally around 40-60 (Ref. 1672, 59043).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 February 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Potential pest (Ref. 12257)

Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial; Acuario: Comercial

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00807 - 0.01239), b=3.19 (3.13 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Alto, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo inferior a 15 meses (tm<1; multiple spawning per year).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859