Common names from other countries
Classification / Names
ชื่อสามัญ | ชื่อพ้อง | Catalog of Fishes(สกุล, ชนิด) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Eastern Atlantic populations of Bathytoshia centroura refer to Bathytoshia lata according to Last et al, 2016 (Ref. 114953). Species distribution will be corrected as soon as possible;
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม; กร่อย สัตว์น้ำหน้าดิน; ระดับความลึก 3 - 270 m (Ref. 57911), usually 15 - 50 m (Ref. 4438). Subtropical; 45°N - 35°S, 90°W - 36°E
Western Atlantic: antitropical; from western and southern USA, including the Gulf of Mexico, and Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 114953). Eastern Atlantic populations refer to Bathytoshia lata (Ref. 109651, 114953).
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm 116.5, range 66 - 160 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 27549); common length : 125 cm WD เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 26999); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 300.0 kg (Ref. 57911)
Diagnosis: Large specimens of Dasyatis centroura are recognizable by their thorny tails, by the large size and wide spacing spacing of their mid-dorsal bucklers, and by the conspicuous tubercles or bucklers on the outer parts of their discs; in smaller specimens the large tubercles have not yet developed on the tail (Ref. 6902). It differs from Dasyatis sabina, D. guttata and Himantura schmardae in the shape of disc; it resembles Dasyatis say and D. americana in shape of disc, but it can be distinguished from D. say by the fact that the tail lacks any trace of a cutaneous fold above, and from D. americana by its much narrower ventral tailfold (Ref. 6902).
Dasyatis centroura is a coastal species (Ref. 81259), found over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 3169). It feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 3169). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 6901). Wings marketed fresh, smoked, dried-salted; used for fishmeal and oil. Harmful to shellfish banks; dangerous to bathers and fishers due to its poisonous spine. May attain well over 100 cm TL. Warm season visitor to coastal waters (Ref. 6902).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Gestation about 4 months with 2 to 4 young produced in autumn and early winter (Ref. 6901). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 14.6 - 27.7, mean 23.1 (based on 772 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ต่ำมาก, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลามากกว่า 14 ปี (Fec=2-6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
