Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 3688); 深度上下限 1 - 200 m (Ref. 4781), usually 30 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 17°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal and Strait of Gibraltar to Angola, including the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 葡萄牙與直布羅陀海峽到安哥拉, 包括地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 18.7, range 17 - 23 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4781); common length : 50.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4781); 最大体重: 11.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
Generally found in hard bottoms (rocks and rubble), the older individuals in the deeper part of the range, the young in inshore areas. Feed mainly on bivalves and also on crustaceans and fish. Sexual maturity at 2 years old. Spawning migration occurs parallel to the coast with intermittent spawning between spring and autumn over soft bottoms in shallow waters (Ref. 3688).
栖息于坚硬的底部 (岩石与碎石), 那较年长的个体在范围的较深的部份中, 幼鱼在近海区域中。 主要捕食二枚贝以及在甲壳类动物和鱼类上。 性成熟在 2 岁。 产卵迁移平行于海岸具有在软质底部上的春天与秋天之间断续的产卵在浅水区中.(参考文献 3688)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
A different diagnosis of sexual pattern may arise for this species brought about by geographical variations (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 41163.東大西洋: 葡萄牙與直布羅陀海峽到安哥拉, 包括地中海。
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 13.3 - 25.2, mean 17.5 (based on 97 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01695 - 0.02348), b=2.95 (2.91 - 2.99), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.28; tmax=10; tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).