Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology:
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 6.0 - 9.0; dH range: 5 - 20; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 7 m (Ref. 4967). 熱帶; 11°C - 36°C (Ref. 3); 35°N - 9°S, 17°W - 36°E
Africa and Eurasia: South Morocco, Sahara, Niger-Benue system, rivers Senegal, Sassandra, Bandama, Boubo, Mé, Comoé, Bia, Ogun and Oshun, Volta system, Chad-Shari system (Ref. 5163), middle Congo River basin in the Ubangi, Uele (Ref. 55074), Itimbiri, Aruwimi (Ref. 55074, 106290), Lindi-Tshopo (Ref. 106290) and Wagenia Falls (Ref. 106245) in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lakes Albert (Ref. 55074) and Turkana, Nile system and Jordan system (Ref. 5163). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
非洲與歐亞大陸: 摩洛哥南部，撒哈拉，塞內加爾河，尼日-貝努埃河的系統，薩桑德拉河與象牙海岸的 Bandama 河，佛塔河系統，查德河- 雪利河流域，烏班基河-偉萊河-Ituri 的河 (剛果) ，湖 Mobutu 與 Turkana, 尼羅河系統與 Jordan 系統。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 7.0, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 34290); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 34290); 最大體重: 300.00 g (Ref. 3799); 最大年齡: 7 年 (Ref. 164)
背棘 (總數) : 13 - 16; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10. Diagnosis: A large, deep-bodied species with a narrow head and small strong jaws; generally has a bright red belly and prominent vertical barring (Ref. 118638). Upper profile of head not convex; lower pharyngeal bone about as long as broad, and with anterior lamella shorter than toothed area; median pharyngeal teeth not broadened; dorsal fin with 14-16 spines and 10-14 soft rays; 8-11 lower gillrakers; dark longitudinal band appears on flanks when agitated; no bifurcated dark vertical bars on flanks; dorsal and caudal fins not or feebly blotched (Ref. 53405). Body brownish-olivaceous with an iridescent blue sheen; lips bright green (Ref. 34290, 53405). Chest pinkish (Ref. 34290). Dorsal, caudal and anal fins brownish-olivaceous with yellow spots, dorsal and anal fins outlined by narrow orange band; "tilapian" spot large, extending from last spine to 4th soft ray and always bordered by yellow band (Ref. 34290, 53405). Specimens of 2-14 cm standard length with completely yellowish or greyish caudal fin without dots, but tend to develop a greyish caudal fin with dots of increasing size during development; above 14 cm standard length, this species has greyish caudal fins with dots on entire caudal fin (Ref. 57660). The sexes look very similar, although in a mated pair the male is usually larger (Ref. 118638). Difficult to distinguish reliably from Coptodon rendalli, but C. zillii can have a less-steep head profile and more prominent vertical bars; in East Africa, the tailfin of C. rendalli is often divided into a brown/grey upper part and red/yellowish lower part, whereas the tail of C. zillii is more uniform throughout (Ref. 118638).
橄欖色的有一個藍色虹彩的光輝; 唇明亮的綠色; 胸略帶桃色的。 二條水平的斑紋在身體與尾柄上越過六或七個黑的縱帶了。 背鰭、尾鰭與臀鰭橄欖色的有黃色斑點, 背鰭與臀鰭邊緣為一條狹窄的橘色條紋了。 尾鰭通常覆蓋著一個灰色的網絡有灰白的空隙。 成年的標本具有一個大的﹐黑色的﹐和幾乎圓形的斑點幾乎完全地黃色的邊緣。 (參考文獻 34290)
Highly adaptable and tolerates varying water qualities (Ref. 52307); they are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures and salinities (Ref. 118638), even surviving marine conditions (Ref. 52307). Extended temperature range 6.5 - 42.5 °C, natural temperature range 10.5 - 36°C (Ref. 3). Occasionally form schools; mainly diurnal. Prefers shallow, vegetated areas (Ref. 4967). Fry are common in marginal vegetation and juveniles are found in the seasonal floodplain. Herbivorous (Ref. 52307), adults feed on leaves and stems of underwater plants as well as algae and vegetative detritus (Ref. 118638). A substrate spawner (Ref. 28714, 52307); male and female form pairs to rear the young (Ref. 118638); aggs and larvae are usually guarded in a pit dug in the mud (Ref. 118638). Parental care is very thorough and undertaken by both parties; large specimens may deposit 1000 eggs per spawn, preferably on hard surfaces; hatching occurs about 96 hours post spawning, and juveniles swim freely about 4-6 days later (Ref. 52307). Larvae develop in close association with substrate.
偶然地形成魚群; 主要日行性。 偏愛淺灘，有植物生長的區域。 (參考文獻 4967) 魚苗是常見於雜草叢，而且稚魚被發現於季節性的洪泛區。 食草的, 吃水中植物與灌木藻 , 與一些無脊椎動物。 底部產卵魚.(參考文獻 28714) 仔魚在靠近底部中發育。
Spawns in lake bottoms with pebbles or sand and abundant vegetation (Ref. 3). Lays adhesive eggs on the substratum which are guarded by both parents (Ref. 6298). Reported to deposit and guard eggs in shallow nest (Ref. 12069). Produces up to 1000 eggs (Ref. 1672).非洲與歐亞大陸: 摩洛哥南部，撒哈拉，塞內加爾河，尼日-貝努埃河的系統，薩桑德拉河與象牙海岸的 Bandama 河，佛塔河系統，查德河- 雪利河流域，烏班基河-偉萊河-Ituri 的河 (剛果) ，湖 Mobutu 與 Turkana, 尼羅河系統與 Jordan 系統。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Dunz, A.R. and U.K. Schliewen, 2013. Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as "Tilapia". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 68(1):64-80. (Ref. 93285)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.01376 - 0.01911), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.5; tm=2-3; tmax=7; Fec = 715 - 1,147).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
