Common names from other countries
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; oceano-estuarine (Ref. 4233); 深度上下限 0 - 140 m (Ref. 36484), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 23°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western Atlantic: New Jersey (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), Ascension Island, and two confirmed records from the Gulf of Guinea (Ref. 7097).
西大西洋: 紐澤西州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到聖保羅巴西.(參考文獻 57756) 東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) ，阿森松島 , 與二個確認的紀錄從幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 7097)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 37.0, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 101 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 13.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 8 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 20 - 22; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 17. Diagnosis: chest fully scaled (Ref. 81654). No spots on pectoral fins, spot posteriorly on gill cover small or absent; scutes tend to be dusky or blackish; caudal fin yellow; young with broad blackish bars on body (Ref. 13442).
沒有在胸鰭上的斑點, 與斑點在鰓蓋後面很小或不存在; 鱗甲傾向暗色或黑色的; 尾鰭是黃色的。 幼魚在身體上有寬的黑色橫帶。
A pelagic (Ref. 26340) schooling species usually found in offshore reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are encountered along shores of sandy beaches, also over muddy bottoms (Ref. 9626). May penetrate into brackish water and ascend rivers. Adults feed on fishes, shrimps, and other invertebrates (Ref. 3277). Often approach divers (Ref. 9710). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
一個大洋性 (參考文獻 26340) 群游性種通常發現於外海礁石。 (參考文獻 9710) 稚魚沿著沙灘的海岸被見到, 也在泥底部之上.(參考文獻 9626) 進入半淡鹹水之內可能深入而且上溯到河。 吃魚，蝦與其他的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 3277) 時常接近潛水者。 (參考文獻 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 紐澤西州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到聖保羅巴西.(參考文獻 57756) 東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) ，阿森松島 , 與二個確認的紀錄從幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 7097)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 November 2018
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.5 (based on 642 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01117 - 0.02703), b=2.92 (2.80 - 3.04), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
