Brazil country information

Common names: Enxada, Paru, Paru-branco
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Feitoza, B.M., R.S. Rosa and L.A. Rocha, 2005
Importance: commercial | Ref: Barreto, T.M.R.R., K.M.F. Freire, J.J.C. Reis-Júnior, L.C. Rosa, A. Carvalho-Filho and M.M. Rotundo, 2018
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Ranges from Paraíba south to Rio Grande do Sul (Ref. 47377), including Manuel Luiz Reefs, Zumbi Reefs, and Abrolhos Reefs (Ref. 57756). Museum: between Cabo Frio and Santos, MZUSP 78205 (Ref. 47377). Traded as an aquarium fish at Fortaleza, Ceará (Ref. 49392). Also Ref. 7251, 13442, 26938, 55758. Caught by shrimp trawl in Pirambu, Sergipe (Ref. 118626).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Floeter, S.R., J.L. Gasparini, L.A. Rocha, C.E.L. Ferreira, C.A. Rangel and B.M. Feitoza, 2003
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Disque portugais, Paguara, Ocean cobbler, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Ephippidae (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
Etymology: Chaetodipterus: Greek, chaite = hair + Greek, dipteros = with two fins (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 3 - 35 m (Ref. 26912). Subtropical; 43°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ref. 47377).

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ?, range 12 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 7251); common length : 50.4 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 26466); max. veröff. Gewicht: 9.0 kg (Ref. 7251)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 9; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 21 - 24; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 17 - 18. Very deep-bodied, compressed, disk-shaped fish with a very blunt snout. Irregular, bold, blackish, vertical bands that fade with age. Second dorsal and anal fins have high anterior lobes (Ref. 26938). Mouth small, the maxilla of adults ending beneath nostrils; no teeth on roof of mouth; scales ctenoid; head and fins scaled; opercle ends in an obtuse point (Ref. 13442).

Abundant in shallow coastal waters, from mangroves and sandy beaches to wrecks and harbors. Juveniles (black phase) are common in estuaries and often found in very shallow water swimming at an angle resembling dead leaves or as infertile red mangrove pods and other debris. Adults often occur in very large schools of up to 500 individuals (Ref. 9710). Feed on benthic invertebrates like crustaceans, mollusks, annelids, cnidarians as well as on plankton (Ref. 35237). Good food fish (Ref. 5521); marketed fresh (Ref. 5217). Often circles divers (Ref. 9710). Minimum depth from Ref. 9710. In southeastern Brazil found between 23 and 45 m (Ref. 47377). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35425).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

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Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 January 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.6 - 28, mean 25.4 (based on 380 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03311 (0.02580 - 0.04250), b=2.94 (2.87 - 3.01), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tmax=8; tm=1; K=0.34).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782)