分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335); clupeaformis: clupeaformis meaning herring-shaped (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 120291); 深度上下限 8 - 128 m (Ref. 3849). 溫帶; 8°C - 14°C (Ref. 1998); 72°N - 41°N, 149°W - 61°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific basins throughout most of Canada south into New England, the Great Lakes basin, and central Minnesota, USA; Copper and Susitna river drainages in Alaska. Introduced in northwestern USA (Ref. 86798). This species was stocked into high Andean lakes in two countries in southern Latin America (Ref. 1739). Probably conspecific with Coregonus lavaretus (Ref. 7506). Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547).
北美洲: 在阿拉斯加州與大部分的加拿大各處向南進入新英格蘭,五大湖流域與明尼蘇達州中部。 這種在南方的拉丁美洲中的二個國家中被進入高的安第斯山脈的湖之內進貨。 (參考文獻 1739) 可能同種 Coregonus lavaretus.(參考文獻 7506) 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9988); common length : 54.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 19.0 kg (Ref. 28850); 最大年龄: 50 年 (Ref. 3494)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 11-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 14; 脊椎骨: 55 - 64. Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547).
脂鳍发展良好的, 时常比较大的在雄性中; 腋窝的突起出现在腹鳍。 (参考文献 27547) 深褐色的对褪成的暗蓝色上方在侧边上银色的与宽的之下; 当幼鱼时的没有幼鲑横带.(参考文献 27547)
Inhabits large lakes and large rivers and enters brackish water (Ref. 86798). Primarily a lake dweller (Ref. 27547). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Appears to be rather sedentary, at least in the Great Lakes (Ref. 27547). Movement in large lakes generally consists of 4 stages: movement from deep to shallow water in the spring; movement back to deep water in the summer as the shoal water warms; migration to shallow-water spawning areas in the fall and early winter; and post-spawning movement back to deeper water (Ref. 27547). Forms separate populations in large lakes (Ref. 27547). Adults feed mainly on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks and amphipods (Ref. 1091, 3849); also other fishes and fish eggs, including their own (Ref. 1998). Extensive hatchery programs for the propagation have been carried out on the Great Lakes and other areas for years (Ref. 3746, 3849). Valued for its meat as well as for its roe, which is made into an excellent caviar; utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988).
主要地一个湖上生活者.(参考文献 27547) 也发现于大河而且进入半淡咸水。 (参考文献 5723) 似乎相当定栖, 至少在五大湖.(参考文献 27547) 运动较大时,湖通常由 4个阶段组成: 运动从在春天深地到浅水区; 当浅的水温暖的时候,运动游回深水域夏天时; 回游到浅水的产卵区在秋天与初冬; 而且后产卵运动游回较深的水域.(参考文献 27547) 较大时形成分开的族群湖。 (参考文献 27547) 成鱼主要捕食水生的昆虫幼生,软件动物与片脚类动物 (参考文献 1091,3849), 也其他的鱼与鱼卵, 包括他们自己的.(参考文献 1998) 广泛的孵卵所规划,因为增殖曾经在五大湖与其他的区域上成功完成长达数年之久.(参考文献 3746,3849) 重要的是它的肉了以及对于它的鱼白, 是制成一个优良的鱼子酱; 被烟熏的生鲜利用 , 与冷冻; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波了, 而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning occurs at night (Ref. 10242, 10344, 28849). A female and one or more males rise to the surface, release eggs and milt and descend separately toward the bottom (Ref. 27547). Spawning fish are very active and may leap completely out of the water (Ref. 1998). Breeds annually in the southern parts of the range, but only every other year or even every third year in the arctic and sub-arctic regions (Ref. 3757).北美洲: 在阿拉斯加州與大部分的加拿大各處向南進入新英格蘭,五大湖流域與明尼蘇達州中部。 這種在南方的拉丁美洲中的二個國家中被進入高的安第斯山脈的湖之內進貨。 (參考文獻 1739) 可能同種 Coregonus lavaretus.(參考文獻 7506) 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00475 - 0.00636), b=3.23 (3.19 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.2 - 6.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 34
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.19; tmax=50).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.6 [7.5, 20.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.279 [0.200, 0.389] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.5, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.96 [0.41, 2.48] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.7, 46.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [4.7, 31.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.538 [0.439, 0.650] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.