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| Main Ref: | Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen, 1999 | |||||||||||
| Data Ref.: | Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1986 | |||||||||||
| Country: | ||||||||||||
| Spawning ground: | coastal | |||||||||||
| Locality: | British Isles, Mediterranean and Black sea | |||||||||||
| Season: |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| 111 | 111 | |||||||||||
| Sex ratio: | % Ref.: | |||||||||||
| Temperature: | - °C | |||||||||||
| Gestation period: | month/s | |||||||||||
| Length of offspring: | cm | |||||||||||
| Batch spawners | ||||||||||||
| Daily spawning frequency |
- Mean: |
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Min Ref.: Max Ref.: Mean Ref.: |
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| Comments: | Main spawning takes place in shallow water. After spawning, adults hunt crustaceans, herring, sprat, sand eels and other shoaling fishes (Ref. 35388). | |||||||||||
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