| Species | Name Used in Reference |
|---|---|
| Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012 | Neoplecostomus botucatu (p. 125) |
| Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki & Oliveira, 2014 | Neoplecostomus doceensis (p. 117;fig.1;tab.1) |
| Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani, 1990 | Neoplecostomus franciscoensis (p. 125) |
| Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008 | Neoplecostomus selenae (p. 125) |