Main Ref. | Craig, M.T., P. Bartsch, P. Wirtz and P.C. Heemstra, 2006 |
Appearance refers to | |
Bones in OsteoBase |
Specialized organs | no special organs |
Different appearance | males alike females |
Different colors | males alike females |
Remarks |
Striking features | none |
Body shape lateral | fusiform / normal |
Cross section | oval |
Dorsal head profile | more or less straight |
Type of eyes | more or less normal |
Type of mouth/snout | more or less normal |
Position of mouth | terminal |
Type of scales | |
Diagnosis |
Diagnosis: Body depth is slightly less than head length, depth contained 2.4-3.1 (2.9) in standard length; caudal peduncle depth 7.0-9.0 (8.5) times in SL; eye diameter greater than or equal to snout length and 8.1-15.0 (13) times in SL; snout length 10.1-16.0 (16.0) times in SL; preopercle rounded, posterior edge serrate, with a large antrorse spine at the angle directed downward and forward and usually covered with skin. Gill rakers 5-8 (7) on upper limb, 14-17 (16) on lower limb, 19-25 (23) total, including rudiments. Dorsal fin with XI spines and 17 to 20 (18) soft rays, anal fin with III spines and 9, rarely 10 (10) soft rays; pectoral fins with 16 - 18 (17) rays; caudal fin rounded, with 15 branched rays. Scales are smooth. Lateral-line scales 49-66; lateral scale series 68 – 88 (76). Color in life; head, body, and median fins olivaceous or light brown, irregularly blotched and barred with dark brown. Some individuals are densely spotted with orange; head, body, and all fins often with scattered white spots; body sometimes covered with scattered small black dots; pectoral fins may be orange or yellow with faint dark reticulations (Ref. 57865); Color in market: almost similar to color in life but general body color may fade to a pale drab cream, also spots and reticulations may fade (Ref. 89707). |
Ease of Identification |
Lateral Lines | 1 Interrupted: No |
Scales on lateral line | 49 - 66 |
Pored lateral line scales | |
Scales in lateral series | 68 - 88 |
Scale rows above lateral line | |
Scale rows below lateral line | |
Scales around caudal peduncle | |
Barbels | 0 |
Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | absent |
Gill rakers | |
on lower limb | 14 - 17 |
on upper limb | 5 - 8 |
total | 19 - 25 |
Vertebrae | |
preanal | |
total |
Attributes | no striking attributes |
Fins number | 1notched No |
Finlets No. | Dorsal 0 - 0 |
Ventral 0 - 0 | |
Spines total | 11 - 11 |
Soft-rays total | 17 - 20 |
Adipose fin | absent |
Attributes | more or less truncate; more or less normal |
Fins number | 1 |
Spines total | 3 - 3 |
Soft-rays total | 9 - 10 |
Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
Spines 0 | |
Soft-rays 16 - 18 | |
Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
Position abdominal behind origin of D1 | |
Spines | |
Soft-rays |