Introduced to Arkansas and made numerous interstate stockings that quickly spread into 35-40 states (Ref. 10294). Has been reported to occur in 45 states where it competes for food with invertebrates (e.g. crayfish) and other species, causes significant changes in macrophyte, phytoplankton and invertebrate communities, interferes with the reproduction of other fishes, decreases available refugia for other fishes, and so on (Ref. 45864). A popular fish sold in live fish markets. Found in 3 out of 6 live fish markets near the Lakes Erie and Ontario (Ref. 53249). Uncommon but its population is increasing in the lower Mississippi River. Found in lakes, ponds, pools, and backwaters of large rivers. Introduced to control aquatic weed problems in lakes and ponds. Its introduction has been proven to be more costly than beneficial as many fishes, waterfowl and other native species depend on aquatic vegetation (Ref. 86798). Also Ref. 1739.