Originally confined to the plains north of Krishna, but has been transplanted to all river systems and reared in the tanks and reservoirs (Ref. 4832). Population is declining due to the introduction of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Ref. 6092). Found in Chilka Lake (Ref. 29108), Maharashtra (Ref. 43634), Tripura (Ref. 97593), Nainital, Bhimtal and Naukuchiatal lakes (Ref. 89721), Adma and Jayanti rivers (Ref. 89719), Periyar Lake, Tungabhadra River, Tambraparani river system, Parambikulam WLS, Bharathapuzha River, Chalakkudy River system, Chimmony and Peechi-Vazhani WLS, Southern Kerala river systems, Idukki and Neyyar WLS and Achenkoil river system (Ref. 92228). Also Ref. 1739, 41236, 43638, 43640, 45255.

Status of threat: Vulnerable in Western Ghats (Ref. 50614).