Venezuela country information

Common names: Robalo, Róbalo
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ve.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Crossie blanc, Róbalo blanco, Snook, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) > Centropomidae (Snooks)
Etymology: Centropomus: Greek, kentron = sting + Greek, poma, -atos = cover, operculum (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; sötvatten; brackvatten revassocierade; amfidrom (Ref. 51243); djupintervall ? - 22 m (Ref. 26912). Tropical; 25°C - 31°C (Ref. 36880); 33°N - 35°S, 98°W - 33°W

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: southern Florida (USA), southeastern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, most of the Antilles and Caribbean coast of Central and South America extending southward to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; also North Carolina and Texas, USA (Ref. 7251).

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9710); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3713); publicerad maxvikt: 24.3 kg (Ref. 4699); rapporterad maxålder: 7 år (Ref. 12193)

Short description Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 8 - 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 10; Taggstrålar i analfenan 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 6. 67- to 72 pored scales on lateral line to base of caudal fin (Ref. 26938). Black lateral line (Ref. 13442).

Adults inhabit coastal waters, estuaries and lagoons, penetrating into freshwater; usually at depths less than 20 m (Ref. 3713). Feed on fishes (Gobiidae, Gerreidae, Engraulidae) and crustaceans (shrimps and crabs) (Ref. 35237). Mature individuals congregate at mouths of passes and rivers during the spawning season, May through September (Ref. 3713). Seasonal movements into freshwater occur but poorly understood (Ref. 3713). Marketed fresh (Ref. 5712). Valued game fish and an excellent food fish (Ref. 26938). The world record for hook and line is a 53-lb., 10 ounce fish caught at Parismina Ranch, Costa Rica (Ref. 13442).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Also Ref. 103751.

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 08 February 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja

FAO(Vattenbruk: produktion; fiskeri: produktion; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.5 - 28.1, mean 27.3 (based on 864 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00587 - 0.00936), b=3.02 (2.97 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.3-0.49; tm=4; tmax=7; Fec=3 million).

Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 2 stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)