United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Gulf menhaden, Largescale menhaden, Menhaden
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: While in inshore waters, age 1 and older Gulf menhaden are subject to an intensive purse seine fishery that extends from Florida to eastern Texas fron about mid-April to early October (Ref. 34923). The fish are processed into meal, oil, and solubles at plants in Mississippi and Louisiana (Ref. 34923).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Menhaden écailleux, Lacha escamuda, Bunker, ... more

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Brevoortia: From James Carson Brevoort (1818-1887), studie the fauna from Ohio and South Caroline (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Goode.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); εύρος βάθους 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). Subtropical; 31°N - 19°N, 95°W - 80°W (Ref. 54290)

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Florida Bay, Gulf of Campeche, Mexico), but no certain records from Caribbean.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 18.5, range 15 - 22.5 cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 188)

Short description Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά): 0; Εδρικές άκανθες 0. Scutes along belly; upper jaw with median notch. Pelvic fin with rounded hind margin, inner fin rays equal or nearly equal to outer fin rays when fin folded back. Pre-dorsal scales modified; scales in lateral series large, those on back and above anal fin base a little smaller and more irregular than rest. A black spot behind gill opening, followed by a series of spots along flank (Ref. 188). Back bluish gray, Sides brassy green (Ref. 37032).

Occur inshore in summer, but at least some moving into deeper waters from October (Mississippi Delta area). Feed in dense schools, filtering phytoplankton, but probably also feed at the bottom. Apparently breed in winter (October to February, with a peak in January). Salinity tolerance range from 0.1-60 ppt, but the commercial catch is mostly from 5.0-24 ppt. Marketed fresh, salted or canned. Mainly used as source of fish oil; also as fish meal (Ref. 188). Isopod is found in the mouth (Ref. 37032).

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες

Make inshore-offshore movements (Ref. 34923). Larvae stay in offshore waters for 3-5 weeks before moving into estuaries where they grow into adults (Ref. 34923).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 August 2011

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό

FAO(αλιεία: Παραγωγή, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

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Summary page | Σημειακά στοιχεία | Κοινά ονόματα | Photos

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.2 - 26.8, mean 24.3 (based on 178 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00502 - 0.01510), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 2.2 ±0.07 se; based on food items.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.15-0.47).

Prior r = 0.62, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.92, Based on 1 stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Brevoortia patronus Goode, 1878