United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Grouper, Snowy grouper
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas. Commercially important stocks occur off the southeast coast of the U.S. (North Carolina to Georgia), Florida west coast, and lower Florida Keys(Ref. 5222). Percentage of males in the population off North and South Carolina appears to have decreased significantly, from 7-23% in the 1970s and 1980s to 1% in the 1990s and mean length of fish landed in the longline fishery has steadily decreased from 65-80 cm in the early 1980s to 50-60 cm in the mid-1990s (Ref. 45886). Also Ref. 276, 26340, 26938, 89707.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Mérou neige, Cherna pintada, Seabass, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋居于水底的; 深度上下限 30 - 525 m (Ref. 5222), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 5222). 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 27°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 5222)

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到墨西哥灣，百慕達群島，加勒比海與巴西南部。也在中央的與美國岸邊到蘇利南南部.(參考文獻 26938)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m 54.0, range 47 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); 最大年龄: 27 年 (Ref. 3090)

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 13-15; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Dark margin on spiny dorsal fin and dark saddle on caudal peduncle that extends below lateral line (Ref. 26938); juveniles with pale yellow caudal and pectoral fins; black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle reaching below lateral line; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area, width less than or subequal to eye diameter; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils 2-5 times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
在刺状的背鳍与黑色鞍状斑块上的深色边在尾梗上那延伸在侧线下.(参考文献 26938)

Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans (Ref. 5222). Valuable commercial food fish (Ref. 26938).

成鱼在岩石底部上出现相当外海。稚鱼可能被发现于沿海地区而且时常被记录自美国东岸成鱼吃鱼，腹足动物，头足类动物与十足目甲壳动物.(参考文献 5222) 有价值的商业食用鱼.(参考文献 26938)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

The size (76.7-109 cm) and age (8-29 yr) of 97 male specimens and the capture of two specimens undergoing sex change provided conclusive evidence that snowy grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 45886).西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到墨西哥灣，百慕達群島，加勒比海與巴西南部。也在中央的與美國岸邊到蘇利南南部.(參考文獻 26938)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

次级保育类动物, 见 IUCN 红皮书 (VU) (A2bd+4bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 商业性

FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.8 - 23.7, mean 19.5 (based on 93 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01218 - 0.02063), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.58 se; based on food items.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.07-0.09; tmax=27).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)