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Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844)

Grass carp
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Ctenopharyngodon idella
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Turkey country information

Common names: Ot sazanı
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: The species was introduced into Lake Pamvotis Hatchery and was transferred to some lakes and rivers, including the Evros River in the Thrace region (Ref. 57271). Also ref. 106151. It was also introduced into Marmara Lake, Seyhan Dam Lake, Belpinar Ponds, Sarayözü Ponds, Cip Dam Lake, Çat Lake, Sultan Köy Reservoir, Altinyazi Reservoir, Karademir Reservoir, Gala Lake and Yaylakavak Lake. Also introduced by Ankara University into Alapli pond for biological control (Ref. 57271). EurTurk.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Innal, D. and F. Erk'akan, 2006
National Database: CLOMFOT

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Ctenopharyngodon: Greek, kteis, ktenos = comb + Greek, pharyngx = pharynx + greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335);  idella: Cteno=comb; pharynx=throat; odon=tooth (in reference to its comblike pharyngeal teeth); and idella: presumably derived from the Greek idios, distinctive or peculiar (Ref. 79012).
  More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の漂泳性; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6898).   Subtropical; 0°C - 35°C (Ref. 52059); 50°N - 23°N, 100°E - 142°E (Ref. 48)

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Asia: Eastern China and Russia (Ref. 48) in eastern Siberia, Amur River system (Ref. 1441). Widely transported around the world (Ref. 7248). Persists only in Europe by stocking (Ref. 59043). Introductions often brought with it the parasitic tapeworm Bothriocephalus opsarichthydis (synonym of B. acheilognathi) (Ref. 12217). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 68.2, range 58 - 79.2 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 30578); common length : 10.7 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 35840); 最大公表体重: 45.0 kg (Ref. 52193); 最大記録サイズ: 21 年 (Ref. 48)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 10 - 11; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 10 - 14. Diagnosis: No barbels; snout very short, its length less than or equal to eye diameter; postorbital length more than half head length (Ref. 4967). 18 soft rays for caudal fin (Ref. 40476). Diagnosed from rather similar species Mylopharyngodon piceus by having the following characters: body olive to brassy green above, silvery white to yellow below; body cylindrical; pharyngeal teeth laterally compressed, serrated, with a groove along grinding surface, usually in two rows, 2,5-4,2 (Ref. 59043).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Adults occur in lakes, ponds, pools and backwaters of large rivers (Ref. 5723), preferring large, slow-flowing or standing water bodies with vegetation (Ref. 52193). Tolerant of a wide range of temperatures from 0° to 38°C, and salinities to as much as 10 ppt and oxygen levels down to 0.5 ppm (Ref. 52193). It feeds on higher aquatic plants and submerged grasses; takes also detritus, insects and other invertebrates. One of the world's most important aquaculture species and also used for weed control in rivers, fish ponds and reservoirs (Ref. 9987). Spawn on riverbeds with very strong current (Ref. 30578). Utilized also fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987). Considered as a pest in most countries because of the damages made to submerged vegetation (Ref. 43281).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Spawns in gravel bottomed areas of rivers (Ref. 48). Eggs are pelagic and hatch while drifting downstream in 2-3 days (Ref. 59043).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Shireman, J.V. and C.R. Smith, 1983. Synopsis of biological data on the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1884). FAO Fish. Synop. No.135, 86 p. (Ref. 48)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  軽度懸念 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 March 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Potential pest




Human uses

水産業: 少数商業の; 水産養殖: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 代謝, 種の外形; 水産業: 代謝; publication : search) | FishSource |

より多くの情報

Trophic ecology
食品種目概要について
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食動物
Ecology
生態学
Home ranges
Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
幼生
幼生の動力
Anatomy
Gill areas

Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
水泳形態
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚の音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺伝子の
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水産養殖の紹介
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インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00807 - 0.01079), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低い, 4.5年~14年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.13-0.19; tm=2-10; tmax=21; Fec=50,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.