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Elops machnata (Fabricius, 1775)

Tenpounder
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Elops machnata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Elops machnata (Tenpounder)
Elops machnata
Picture by Hermosa, Jr., G.V.

South Africa country information

Common names: Ladyfish, River skipjack, Springer
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref: van der Elst, R., 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Recorded from Mossel Bay. In the summer, it is caught in tidal rivers of the southern Cape; commonly caught from the Natal shore. Status of stock indeterminate; subject to moderate angling pressure; estuarine nurseries may be threatened (Ref. 4332). Angling record: 11.8 kg; spearfishing record: 9 kg (Ref. 12484).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Smith, M.M., 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Springer, Ten pounder, Ladyfish, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) > Elopidae (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water; oceanodroom.   Tropical; 38°N - 37°S, 22°E - 153°W

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Indo-Pacific: Mossel Bay in South Africa, to the Red Sea and India, possibly to western Pacific (Ref. 3968).

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4967); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 20 - 27; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 14 - 18.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832) [actual freshwater records remain to be confirmed]. Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Edible, but not tasty and full of bones (Ref. 3968). A total length of 126 cm for this species has been reported from Knysna, South Africa (G. Bernardt, pers. comm., e-mail: gerard@smallstreams.com) .

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Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Smith, M.M., 1986. Elopidae. p. 155-156. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3968)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 June 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless




Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 20.7 - 28.4, mean 26.9 (based on 1366 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5176   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00514 - 0.00889), b=2.99 (2.91 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.