Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino asociado a arrecife; rango de profundidad 2 - 100 m (Ref. 13628), usually ? - 70 m (Ref. 55314). Subtropical; 35°N - 8°N, 99°W - 60°W (Ref. 55314)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Yucatan, Mexico; northern coast of South America (Ref. 5217). Absent in the West Indies.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 7251); common length : 35.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5217)
Short description
Morfología | Morfometría
Espinas dorsales (total): 8; Radios blandos dorsales (total): 13-14; Espinas anales 0; Radios blandos anales: 13
Inhabits silty, sandy, or rubble bottoms (Ref. 9710). Feeds on fishes (Ref. 13628). Possesses electric organs located in a specialized pouch behind the eyes. Can discharge up to 50 volts (Ref. 10576).The electric organ discharge (EOD) rate depends on the temperature: about 500 Hz at 35°C and 50 Hz at 15°C (corresponding to the annual temperature range of the habitat of this species) (Ref. 10011). Cleithral spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Más información
Age/SizeCrecimientoLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorfometríaMorfologíaLarvaDinámica larvariaReclutamientoAbundancia
ReferenciasAcuiculturaPerfil de acuiculturaRazasGenéticaElectrophoresesheritabilidadEnfermedadesProcesamientoMass conversion
ColaboradoresImágenesStamps, Coins Misc.SonidosCiguateraVelocidadTipo de nataciónSuperficie branquialOtolitosCerebrosVisión
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 22.8 - 27.8, mean 25.4 (based on 428 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00266 - 0.01494), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).