India country information

Common names: Bolad, Brown eagle-ray, बोळाद
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 9862.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah, 2002
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Eagle ray, 鹰形圆吻燕魟, 鹰状无刺鲼, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Aetomylaeus: Greek, aetos = eagle + Greek, mylio = mill, grinder (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina bentopelagisk. Tropical

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea to China, south to Indonesia. Validity of this species questioned in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766).

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm

Found inshore (Ref. 9862). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Presumably utilized for human consumption in the western central Pacific (Ref. 9862).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : McEachran, John | Medarbetare

Mould, B., 1994. A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Endangered (EN) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 07 February 2017

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Traumatogenic

Human uses

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 (based on 1798 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00123 - 0.01235), b=3.08 (2.82 - 3.34), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).

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