Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; acqua dolce; salmastro demersale; amfidromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 5 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 13371); 35°N - 33°S, 48°E - 171°W
Indo-Pacific: Kuwait to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Reported from Samoa (Ref. 9710), Tonga (Ref. 53797), and the Society Islands (Ref. 2847).
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 108711); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3489)
Spine dorsali (totale): 10 - 11; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 16-18; Spine anali 4; Raggi anali molli: 13 - 15. Ground colour greenish. Juveniles with a few large roundish blotches, about size of eye, or with about 5 or 6 broad, dark, vertical bars. In large adults, spots may be faint and restricted to dorsal part of flanks. Body quadrangular, strongly compressed. Dorsal head profile steep. Eye moderately large, its diameter somewhat smaller than snout length. Snout rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, not protractile. Teeth villiform, in several rows on jaws (ref 43044).
Inhabit harbors, natural embayments, brackish estuaries and the lower reaches of freshwater streams, frequently occurring among mangroves. Feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020, 44894, 48637). The dorsal, anal and pelvic spines are believed by Philippine fishers to be venomous and capable of inflicting wounds (Ref. 6565). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Marketed as fresh (Ref. 12693).
Multiple spawner (Ref. 102820).
Allen, G.R., 1984. Scatophagidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3489)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2701 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03236 (0.02371 - 0.04416), b=2.92 (2.83 - 3.01), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (tm=1; Fec=337,309; K=1.2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
