Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino demersal; rango de profundidad 1 - 300 m (Ref. 27000), usually 4 - 160 m (Ref. 95541). Subtropical; 47°N - 13°S, 27°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Records of Epinephelus alexandrinus from Madeira are apparently based on misidentifications of Myctoperca fusca.
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 32.5, range 30 - 35 cm
Max length : 140 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 12382)
Espinas dorsales (total): 11; Radios blandos dorsales (total): 15-17; Espinas anales 3; Radios blandos anales: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body brownish, fins darker; two dark lines on head, one from lower edge of the eye to the ventral rear edge of the interopercle, 2nd from the dark maxillary streak to the lower edge of the preopercle; adults brown or greyish brown; distinct yellow blotch on body below the spinous dorsal fin; body depth less than head length, depth contained 3.0-3.4 times in Sl; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; interorbital area convex; angular preopercle, 2-3 enlarged serrae at the angle; middle and lower opercular spines flat but distinct, upper spine not apparent; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum; maxilla usually reaching a vertical rear edge of eye, ventral edge of maxilla with low step, no scale on maxilla; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; lateral body scales ctenoid, with auxilliary scales in adults; pyloric caeca 17 (Ref. 89707).
Found on sand, mud or rock bottoms (Ref. 6789). Juveniles form small groups (Ref. 12382) in shallow water (Ref. 89707). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, and fish (Ref. 12382). Does not adapt well in aquariums (Ref. 12382). Maximum depth from Ref. 128827.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial
Más información
ReferenciasAcuiculturaPerfil de acuiculturaRazasGenéticaElectrophoresesheritabilidadEnfermedadesProcesamientoNutrientsMass conversion
ColaboradoresImágenesStamps, Coins Misc.SonidosCiguateraVelocidadTipo de nataciónSuperficie branquialOtolitosCerebrosVisión
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 27.5, mean 19 °C (based on 650 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00506 - 0.01366), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.4 [12.3, 68.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.754 [0.358, 1.747] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.283 [0.154, 0.524] g/100g; Selenium = 41.6 [19.3, 100.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.3 [4.1, 73.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.665 [0.425, 1.080] mg/100g (wet weight);
