分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Pagellus: Diminutive of Latin, pager, derived from Greek, pagros = a fish, Dentex sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 深度上下限 ? - 300 m (Ref. 4781), usually 20 - 100 m (Ref. 4781). 亞熱帶的; 63°N - 10°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and the Mediterranean to Guinea-Bissau (Ref. 26999), including Cape Verde, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Rarely recorded in Scandinavia (Ref. 4781).
東大西洋: 到幾內亞比索 (參考文獻 26999) 的挪威與地中海, 包括維德角,馬得拉群島與加納利群島。 在斯堪的那維亞半島很少被紀錄。 (參考文獻 4781)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 14.2, range 13 - 16 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4781); common length : 25.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4781); 最大体重: 3.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 12; 背的软条 (总数): 10-11; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. Body red without stripes or bars. Snout at least twice as long as the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
没有斑纹或横带的身体红色。 吻至少两倍长于眼直径。 (参考文献 35388)
Found on inshore waters, on various bottom (rock, gravel, sand and mud) to 200 m (Mediterranean) or 300 m (Atlantic) and move to deeper waters during winter. Omnivorous, but feed mainly on benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 3688). Protogynic hermaphrodites, females become males first in their third year with sizes of about 17 cm. Important food fish.
栖息于近岸水域了, 在各种不同的底部 (岩石,砾石,沙子与泥) 上对 200 公尺 (地中海) 或者 300 公尺 (大西洋) 而且在冬天期间移动到较深的水域。 杂食性, 但是主要捕食底栖的无脊椎动物与小鱼.(参考文献 3688) 原生的雌雄同体, 在他们的第三年中以大约 17 公分的大小雌性先变成雄性。 重要的食用鱼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Possibly two spawning periods in the southern Mediterranean (Ref. 4781). Length at which sex change possibly occurs is between 12.8 and 20.3 cm FL (Ref. 57849).東大西洋: 到幾內亞比索 (參考文獻 26999) 的挪威與地中海, 包括維德角,馬得拉群島與加納利群島。 在斯堪的那維亞半島很少被紀錄。 (參考文獻 4781)
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.2 - 21, mean 17.2 °C (based on 492 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00901 - 0.01109), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (5.4 - 7.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 18
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24; tm=1-2; tmax=13; Fec=31,000).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.78, Based on 13 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 101 [50, 194] mg/100g; Iron = 0.546 [0.317, 0.919] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.384 [0.256, 0.577] g/100g; Selenium = 88.3 [41.4, 196.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.36 [2.06, 37.61] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.449 [0.331, 0.672] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.