Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; غير مهاجرة; نطاق العمق 4 - 30 m (Ref. 5227). Tropical; 28°N -
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.6 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5592); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763)
Diurnal grazer on sessile invertebrates and algae but specializes to a larger extent on sponges. Also feeds on plankton. Reproduction occurs in late summer. Females are more territorial and form pair bonds with the males. Oviparous (Ref. 240), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Sometimes forms mixed aggregations with Pomacanthus zonipectus (Ref. 9333). Cleaning behavior has been observed in juveniles.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Spawn daily throughout the lunar cycle (Ref. 240). Protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation (Ref. 103751). Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884).
Thomson, D.A., 1987. Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
حوض مائي: تجاري
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 29.1, mean 27 °C (based on 211 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02951 (0.01513 - 0.05755), b=2.91 (2.74 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.8 [22.2, 76.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.313, 0.874] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0876 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 30.6 [16.1, 58.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65 [15, 248] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [1.0, 2.0] mg/100g (wet weight);
