分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 降海洄游 (Ref. 46888). 熱帶; 23°N - 33°S, 25°E - 136°W
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa south to Algoa Bay, South Africa (Ref. 4393); Madagascar, northern Australia (Timor Sea), New Guinea and Tonga (Ref. 9812). Also reported from the Marquesas (Ref. 12792) and from the lower Zambezi River in Africa (Ref. 39494).
印度-西太平洋: 東非南至南非奧歌亞灣 (參考文獻 4393) ，馬達加斯加，澳洲北部 (帝汶海) ，新幾內亞與東加。 記錄來自馬可薩斯島了。 (參考文獻 12792) 非洲: 內陸的水域 - 尚比西河
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9812); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9812)
背棘 (總數): 5; 背的軟條 (總數): 8; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9.
鱗片邊緣深色的; 腹鰭鮮黃色或橘色的.(參考文獻 4393)
Adults inhabit coastal waters, estuaries; sometimes ascending rivers into fresh water (Ref. 9812). They prefer slow moving waters or still lagoons (Ref. 9812). Often found in turbid water, over muddy substrates, and with well-substantiated aquatic vegetation (Ref. 9812). They feed on microalgae, detritus, terrestrial plant material, and aquatic insects (Ref. 9812). Perhaps catadromous (Ref. 9812). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).
成魚出現在沿岸水域與河口; 有時進入淡水之內溯溪。 (參考文獻 9812) 偏愛緩慢移動的水域或者使潟湖安靜。 (參考文獻 9812) 時常發現於混濁的水, 在泥質底部之上, 與具有實體化良好的水生植物.(參考文獻 9812) 捕食微藻類，碎屑，陸棲的植物與水生昆蟲。 (參考文獻 9812) 也許降海洄游的.(參考文獻 9812) 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 東非南至南非奧歌亞灣 (參考文獻 4393) ，馬達加斯加，澳洲北部 (帝汶海) ，新幾內亞與東加。 記錄來自馬可薩斯島了。 (參考文獻 12792) 非洲: 內陸的水域 - 尚比西河
Harrison, I.J. and H. Senou, 1997. Order Mugiliformes. Mugilidae. Mullets. p. 2069-2108. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9812)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
俗名同種異名新陳代謝捕食者生態毒物學繁殖成熟度產卵場產卵群集孕卵數卵卵發育
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 28.9, mean 27.7 °C (based on 808 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00813 - 0.02137), b=2.92 (2.79 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.3 ±0.16 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
