Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 4 - 200 m (Ref. 5222), usually 12 - 90 m (Ref. 37816). Tropical; 29°N - 26°S, 38°E - 171°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: east coast of Africa (Zanzibar and Mafia Island, Tanzania) to Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland, Australia.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 67 - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 48635)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 14; شوكة شرجية 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body oblong, its depth 2.8-3.5 in SL; preopercle rounded, finely serrate, the lower edge fleshy; opercle with 3 flat spines; upper edge of operculum almost straight; rear nostrils not much bigger than anterior nostrils; front of jaws with a pair of large canine teeth; 1-3 large canines at midside of lower jaw; gill rakers of first gill arch 7-9 + 13-16 = 20-25 (including 4 to 7 rudiments on each limb); caudal fin lunate, the upper and lower lobes produced, about twice length of middle rays; pectoral-fin rays 17-19; lateral-line scales 66-76, in series 109-127. Colour of head, body and fins generally reddish with small irregular pale blue to pink spots; 3-4 diffuse pale saddle on back; broad caudal fin usually dusky, with narrow white posterior margin or edge (yellow in V. louti); juveniles similar in colour to adults, but with relatively fewer and larger pale blue or pink spots (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
A generally uncommon species that inhabits seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles inshore on algae and soft coral reefs, usually swimming well above the substrate, looking much like a basslet (Ref. 48635). Solitary (Ref 90102) or found in small groups (Ref. 11888). Feeds on fishes. Of little interest to fisheries, because of its small size and rarity, but flesh is excellent.
Caught with handline, traps, and spear (Ref. 39231).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
المتعاونينصورStamps, Coins Misc.اصواتالتسمم باكل السمكسرعةنوع السباحةمنطقة الخياشيمعظمة الأذندماغرؤية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.9 - 28.9, mean 27.7 °C (based on 1802 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00851 - 0.02138), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.1 [19.7, 61.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.611 [0.316, 1.027] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.0, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.177 [0.114, 0.284] g/100g; Selenium = 49.3 [28.0, 93.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 83.1 [29.8, 278.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.708 [0.473, 1.044] mg/100g (wet weight);
