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> Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) > Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake; yunokawai: Named for Mr. Kyo Yunokawa, of Ie-shima Diving Center..
More on author: Nielsen.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina bottenlevande; djupintervall ? - 20 m (Ref. 75999). Temperate

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Northwest Pacific: Japan.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.8 cm SL (female)

Short description Morfologi | Morfometri

Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 83; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 64; Ryggkotor: 41. This species has the following characters: Dorsal-fin rays 83; anal-fin rays 64; caudal fin rays 9; pectoral 23-24; vertebrae 12 + 29; anterior anal fin ray is placed below 23rd dorsal fin ray; maximum depth of head is 32.0% SL; predorsal length 41.5% SL; interorbital width 10.5% SL; height of posterior margin of maxilla 8.4% SL (Ref. 75999).

Known only from one female specimen with ovaries containing eggs up to about 0.5 mm in diameter and apparently with no embryos. It was caught by hand in the back of the cave in absolute darkness. The head and lateral line pore systems are well developed, also the sensory papillae on the head and body, indicating adaptation to the lightless environment Also observed and caught were a shrimp Parhippolyte misticia and the fishes Pseudamia hayashiiand Apogon evermanni (Ref. 75999).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Nielsen, J.G., 2007. Grammonus yunokawai (Ophidiiformes: Bythitidae), a new marine cave fish from the Ryukyu Islands. Ichthyol. Res. 54(4):374-379. (Ref. 75999)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 16 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00179 - 0.01169), b=3.10 (2.87 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

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Grammonus yunokawai Nielsen, 2007