分類 / Names
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Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Cobitidae (Spined loaches)
Etymology: Cobitis: Greek, kobitis, -idos = a kind of sardine; also related with the voice Greek, kobios, Latin gobius = gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
; 新鮮な水 底生の漂泳性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.7; dH range: 10 - 15; potamodromous (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 14°C - 18°C (Ref. 1672); 62°N - 36°N, 7°W - 40°E
Europe and Asia: Atlantic drainages from Loire northward; Baltic basin south of 61°N; upper olga and Ural drainages; northern Black Sea basin (except Danube). Ancient records from Ardour and Garonne drainages in France require confirmation (Ref. 59043).
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 5.3, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 13.5 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 1441); 9.5 cm SL (female); common length : 5.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 556); 最大記録サイズ: 5 年 (Ref. 59043)
背面の脊椎 (合計): 3; 背鰭 (合計): 6-8; 肛門の骨 3; 臀鰭: 5; 脊つい: 40 - 42. Caudal fin with 15-16 rays (Ref. 2196). Single small spot on upper caudal base. Pigmentation (Gambetta's longitudinal zone of pigmentation): zones Z1-Z4 usually well differentiated, extending backward to caudal peduncle; height of blotches of zone Z4 usually less than 2 times in their length; if more than 2 times, then height equal to or greater than horizontal eye diameter. One lamina circularis (Ref. 59043).
Adults occur in slow-flowing and still waters with fine sandy substrate (Ref. 9696). They occur in the Baltic Sea at salinities of up to 5 ppt (Ref. 59043). Filter sand for food particles (Ref. 36876). Nocturnal, stays hidden under rocks or buried in the sand or mud during the day (Ref. 30578). Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Spawn in spring; scatters eggs into mats of plant material (Ref. 36876). Eggs are found attached to gravel and weed in shallow, flowing water (Ref. 41678). Larvae hide under vegetation and in debris until beginning of exogenous feeding (Ref. 59043).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Start of courtship is observed when both male and female swim excitedly then progresses to a chase done by the male. When movements become synchronised, the male entwines itself around the female's body, squeezing it and causing egg spawning (Ref. 58425).
Triploid females can occur; they produce triploid eggs which can develop without fertilization, but need contact with sperm to start development (gynogenesis) (Ref. 36876). Also Ref. 9953.
Vostradovsky, J., 1973. Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696)
Human uses
水産業: 興味がない; 水族館・水槽: 公共の水族館
より多くの情報
参考文献水産養殖水産養殖の紹介緊張遺伝子のElectrophoreses遺伝病気行列NutrientsMass conversion
用具
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00290 - 0.00790), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tm=1-2; tmax=8; K=0.29-0.59; Fec=100-1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
