Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis. Subtropical
Western Indian Ocean: Transkei, South Africa to Madagascar but reported as far south as Still Bay (west of Mossel Bay), South Africa.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5213); common length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 6082); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.7 kg (Ref. 4370)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 21-23; Duri dubur 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 13 - 14
Found in coastal waters and rivers. Feeds on mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Flesh of excellent quality (Ref. 6082).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Budidaya air: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19 - 26.3, mean 24.9 °C (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00673 - 0.04093), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).