分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Alburnus: From the city of Al Bura, where the fish was known (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

; 淡水; 半咸淡水底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 12468); 61°N - 38°N, 9°E - 55°E

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Europe and Asia: Caspian (mostly western to southern coast, rarely found in Ural and Volga). Populations from Aral Sea basin might belong to this species (Ref. 59043). Reported from the Black Sea basin (Ref. 58342).
歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1441); common length :28 cm TL (female)

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

脊椎骨: 42 - 45. Diagnosed from its congeners in Caspian and Black Sea basin by having the following characters: anal fin origin about 1½ -2½ scales behind last branched dorsal ray; lateral line with 54-65 + 4-5 scales; anal fin rays with 13-15½ branched rays; 18-23 gill rakers; ventral keel exposed for 8-12 scales in front of anus (up to almost 80% of distance between anus and pelvic base); head length 20-24% SL; predorsal length 52-56% SL; caudal peduncle depth 1.9-2.4 times in its length; nuptial males with few, large tubercles; lacking dark midlateral stripe. Morphology is variable which has been considered to be an adaptation to different habitats, but data suggest that this is probably due to several species being confused under this species (Ref. 59043).

Inhabit lower reaches of rives, coastal lakes, estuaries, and brackish areas of sea. Occur close to surface and tolerate salinities up to 14 ppt. Adults predominantly prey on planktonic crustaceans, terrestrial insects and small fish while larvae and young juveniles feed on zooplankton, algae and insect larvae. Spawn in small rivers or streams with heavy current on gravel bottom. Landlocked populations found in reservoirs spawn in reservoir tributaries (Ref. 59043). Eastern populations migrate upstream for spawning (Ref. 13696). Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring. Due to dam constructions, almost all long-distance migrating populations lost as they were unable to reach spawning sites. Survive in small water courses and as landlocked populations in some reservoirs. Populations are expected to decline and to further decline due to expanding hydroelectric development and strong ecological impacts on Caspian sea (Ref. 59043).

吃浮游生物与昆虫, 较少在小型底栖的动物上。东方族群向上游移动进行产卵。

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性

FAO - 渔业: landings; Publication: search | FishSource |

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Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00518 - 0.00734), b=3.12 (3.09 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.41 se; based on food items.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-5; tmax=9; K=0.10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

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Estimates based on models

Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)