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Cladistii >
Polypteriformes (Bichirs) >
Polypteridae (Bichirs)
Etymology: Erpetoichthys: Greek, erpeton = creeping thing + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); calabaricus: Named after the locality where the fish was taken: Old Calabar (Ref. 42916).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; 深度上下限 0 - ? m (Ref. 557). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672)
Africa: coastal species, inhabiting river estuaries from Ouémé River in Benin to Sanaga River in Cameroon (Ref. 53784, 81628). Also reported from the Chiloango River (Ref. 1878, 2835, 3188, 42870, 43033, 81263), but this record needs confirmation and needs to be supported by additional material evidence (Ref. 53784, 81628).
非洲: 奈及利亞的歐根河口到在剛果布拉札維的 Chiloango 河.(參考文獻 2835)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 31.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 81628)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数): 7 - 13; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 14; 脊椎骨: 110 - 113. Diagnosis: The dorsal fin is composed of a series of well-separated spines each supporting one or several articulated rays and a membrane (Ref. 42791). Erpetoichthys calabaricus is distinguished from all Polypterus species by its very elongated, anguilliform body and the absence of ventral fin and subopercle (Ref. 2835, 42768, 81263).
细长的身体与鳗鱼状的.(参考文献 42768, 参考文献 42908) 身体高度 24 倍全长; 头长 11-14 倍全长.(参考文献 2835) 头部没有子鳃盖,非常些微地平的, 广阔地的 1.6-2 倍; 上颌突出的.(参考文献 2835) 侧面的眼睛, 眼-直径 7.5-8.5 倍头长.(参考文献 2835) 背鳍组成份子为一系列的分得很开每个被支撑一或一些被接合的鳍条与一个薄膜的棘.(参考文献 42791) 身体覆盖着菱形的硬鳞。 (参考文献 42791) 在纵向的联机的 106-114个有排孔的鳞片; 30-34 身体的周围.(参考文献 2835) 在背部的部份上褐橄榄色与在腹的部分上微白色的, 在胸鳍上的一个大的黑色斑点.(参考文献 2835)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found in slow flowing rivers and standing waters (Ref. 557). Apparently restricted to reedy habitats (Ref. 42768). It moves snake-wise over the bottom, but it can also side-wind quite rapidly through the water (Ref. 42873). Feeds at night on worms, crustaceans and insects (Ref. 7020). Able to breathe air and thus can tolerate low oxygen concentrations. Larvae have external gills and resemble salamander larvae (Ref. 557). The maximum size of 90 cm TL (Ref. 3188) is probably erroneous; the largest size in collections is 37 cm (Ref. 78138).
在慢的流动河与不流动的水域中.(参考文献 557) 显然地局限于芦苇丛生的栖息地了。 (参考文献 42768) 它移动像蛇一样在底部之上，但是它也能相当快速地侧转经过水。 (参考文献 42873) 晚上捕食蠕虫，甲壳动物与昆虫。 (参考文献 7020) 能呼吸空气而且如此能容忍溶氧量低的集中。 仔鱼有外鳃而且与蝾螈仔鱼相似。 (参考文献 557)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Parallel swimming courtship; female deposits few eggs between anal fins of male, where they are fertilized and then scattered in vegetation where they immediately stick to substrate. This procedure is repeated many times. Eggs are 2.1-2.6 mm in diameter. Larvae hatch after 70 hours but remain attached to vegetation; 22 days after hatching the yolk sac is absorbed and larvae start feeding.非洲: 奈及利亞的歐根河口到在剛果布拉札維的 Chiloango 河.(參考文獻 2835)
Britz, R., 2007. Polypteridae. p. 168-173. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81628)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00166 (0.00112 - 0.00246), b=3.02 (2.91 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=20; Fec = 264).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
