分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Characiformes (Characins) >
Serrasalmidae (Piranhas and pacus) > Serrasalminae
Etymology: Pygocentrus: Greek, pyge = rump + Greek, kentron = sting (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Kner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 大洋性; pH range: 5.5 - 7.5; dH range: ? - 20. 亞熱帶的; 23°C - 27°C (Ref. 13371); 9°N - 34°S
South America: Amazon River basin, Paraguay-Paraná River basin, northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers and Essequibo River basin (Ref. 39031). Reported from the Uruguay River, Brazil (Ref. 79585).
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域, 巴拉圭- 巴拉納河的流域，巴西東北部沿海的河川， Essequibo 河流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 15 cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 81048); 最大体重: 3.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 16-18; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 27 - 30
Common in creeks and interconnected ponds in Matto Grosso, Brazil, where it influences distribution and feeding of other fish (Ref. 9080) and in areas of high primary production in Rio Machado and Rio Negro (Ref.9096). Adults feed mainly at dusk and dawn. Feeds on insects, worms and fish (Ref. 7020). Medium-sized to large individuals (15-24 cm length) forage mainly at dawn, late afternoon and night up to about 2200H, whereas smaller fish (8-11 cm) are active mainly during the day (Ref. 9080). Teeth replacement on alternating sides of jaw allows continuous feeding. Its powerful dentition can inflict serious bites. Has a highly evolved auditory capacity and a 'lurking', then 'dashing' behavior during daytime. Shows hierarchies within small schools (Ref. 9077). Available information on body composition of 'piranha caju' flesh is 8.2% fat, 15.0% protein and 4.4% ash (Ref. 9251).
在 Matto Grosso 巴西的常见于小溪与相连的池塘, 在哪里它影响其他鱼 (参考文献 9080) 的分布与进食与在 Rio Machado 与尼格罗河的高原始产量的区域中.(参考文献 9096) 成鱼主要地在薄暮与破晓吃。 吃昆虫，蠕虫与鱼。 (参考文献 7020) 中等大小到大的个体 (15-24 公分长度) 主要地在破晓觅食,午后接近傍晚与夜晚达到大约 2200H, 然而较小的鱼 (8-11 公分) 主要地在白天期间是活跃的.(参考文献 9080) 在颌的交互侧边上的齿替换允许连续的进食。 它的有力的牙齿能施放严重的咬。 高度地有一个进化听觉的能力与一 '潜藏 ', 然后 ' 活耀的' 在白天期间的行为。 小群鱼群里面的显示阶级组织.(参考文献 9077) '食人鱼 caju' 肉的有用关于身体组织成分的信息是 8.2% 脂肪， 15.0% 蛋白质与 4.4% 灰。 (参考文献 9251)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Males and females appear externally alike (Refs. 2279 & 9245). In 'Serrasalmus sp. aff. nattereri', reported to occur in the Orinoco basin (Venezuela, Guyana), the males have more 'bull-like' heads, but are more slender than females (Ref. 1672). Eggs are laid on tree roots trailing in the water and are guarded; the reproductive success may vary strongly from year to year depending on how the savanna was flooded (Ref. 9078). The eggs are large, adhere to plants and are not attacked by the parents. They hatch in 9 to10 days (Ref. 7020).南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域, 巴拉圭- 巴拉納河的流域，巴西東北部沿海的河川， Essequibo 河流域。
Fink, W.L., 1993. Revision of the piranha genus Pygocentrus. Copeia 1993(3):665-687. (Ref. 27142)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02089 (0.01373 - 0.03180), b=3.16 (3.04 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.89; tm=1; Fec=4,000-5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 59.4 [26.7, 161.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.16 [1.01, 5.44] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.4, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.665 [0.258, 1.848] g/100g; Selenium = 32.6 [11.5, 81.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.8 [3.9, 59.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.783 [0.500, 1.228] mg/100g (wet weight);
