分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 90 m. 極; 82°N - 63°N, 12°E - 104°W (Ref. 117245)
Northeast Atlantic and Arctic: White Sea and Barents Sea eastward along the coasts of Siberia and North America to Queen Maud Gulf in Arctic Canada. North Pacific: Chukchi and Bering seas to Bristol Bay, Alaska and the northern Sea of Okhotsk.
東北大西洋與北極圈: 白海與巴倫支海向東沿著到在加拿大北極圈中的皇后灰色條紋呢灣的西伯利亞的海岸與北美洲。 北太平洋: 楚克其語與白令海到布里斯多海灣, 阿拉斯加州與鄂霍次克海北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 17.0, range 15 - 18.9 cm
Max length : 44.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 58426); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 117245); 最大年龄: 26 年 (Ref. 117245)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 50-62; 臀棘 1; 臀鳍软条: 35 - 44; 脊椎骨: 37 - 38. Distinguished by the presence of both eyes on the same side of the head, normal scales and generally plain coloration (Ref. 27547). Lateral line with a very low curve above pectoral fin, straight behind and with a short accessory branch on head; 73-76 pores on main portion; it is complete in males but in females as large as about 20 cm it is an open groove on the posterior part of the body (Ref. 10319). Most anterior dorsal ray above eye; anal with an embedded forward-pointing spine before first ray; caudal rounded (Ref. 27547). Eyed side dark olive green to brown, sometimes with scattered black dots or indefinite dark blotches; blind side white, rarely with brown lappings over from the eyed side; fins pale brownish, sometimes with a somewhat yellow tinge or traces of dark spots (Ref. 27547).
区别的特徵为那有两眼在头部的相同侧边，正常鳞片与通常单色的颜色.(参考文献 27547) 侧线有一个非常低的弯曲胸鳍上方, 笔直地后面而且在头部上具有一个短的附属分支; 在主要的部分上的 73-76个孔; 它在雄性中是完全的但是在雌性中与大约 20 公分一样大它在身体的后面的部份上是一个开放的凹槽.(参考文献 10319) 大多数的前面背鳍鳍条眼睛上方; 肛门的有一个埋入朝向前面的棘以前第一个鳍条; 尾鳍圆的.(参考文献 27547) 有眼睛的一边深橄榄绿色的到褐色的, 有时有分散的黑色点或不确定的黑色斑块; 没有眼睛的一边白色, 很少有在从有眼睛的一边上的褐色研磨; 鳍淡褐色的, 有时有一略微淡黄的色彩或深色斑点的痕迹.(参考文献 27547)
A coastal species not found far offshore (Ref. 27547). Occurs at shallow depths on mud bottoms, often in brackish water (Ref. 4705) and frequently entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small fishes and bottom invertebrates (Ref. 4705). Moves closer inshore in the evenings, especially on a rising tide (Ref. 27547). Appears to move offshore in the fall and inshore in the spring (Ref. 27547).
一个沿岸鱼种不发现远离至外海.(参考文献 27547) 生存在泥底上的深度浅的地方, 常见于半淡咸水中而且可能甚至进入河.(参考文献 4705) 吃小鱼与底栖无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 4705) 晚上移动较靠近的沿海地区, 尤其在一个涨潮上.(参考文献 27547) 似乎移动外海秋天时与在春天沿海地区。 (参考文献 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Reproduction cycle believed to occur only every second year (Ref. 27547).東北大西洋與北極圈: 白海與巴倫支海向東沿著到在加拿大北極圈中的皇后灰色條紋呢灣的西伯利亞的海岸與北美洲。 北太平洋: 楚克其語與白令海到布里斯多海灣, 阿拉斯加州與鄂霍次克海北部。
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.7 - 4.3, mean -0.1 °C (based on 2772 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00285 - 0.00669), b=2.97 (2.84 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.06; tm=2; Fec=31,000-230,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.4 [10.2, 55.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.302 [0.119, 0.716] mg/100g; Protein = 16.3 [14.8, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.173 [0.069, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 10.9 [4.0, 31.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12 [2, 81] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.565 [0.334, 0.906] mg/100g (wet weight);
